/sci/ - Science & Math

>>11530391
Cmon bros dont let this thread die

>>11530391
>engineer
>hailing basic math
sounds about right

>>11530441
first year undergrad EE here. since all my classes were moved online they canceled physical labs and we are exclusively using Logisim. I brought my breadboard home though and would love to make use out of it. its currently set up with a 7-segment display and im looking for project ideas

>>11530391
I've got my DSP exam in a few days

My internship this summer just went full remote

Is there an official /sci/ booklist for electrical engineering?

Getting into some alternative transforms like FanChirp Transform and doing some functional analysis for a more in-depth understanding of other transfs.

>>11530477
Do you have one of those resistors that allows you to change the resistance? Use a fixed voltage battery to make a variable voltage battery with the breadboard.

>>11530489
yeah read the sticky, or just google "/sci/ wiki"

>>11530507
I only have fixed resistors but I could buy one online probably.

>>11530391
using w instead of 2pif,
idk man it doesn't feel right

>>11530478
>>11530539
Ive always used angular freq

>>11530503
Seems interesting, what textbook are you using?

>>11530478
What topics? Might be of help, just finished my semester of dsp and got a 98%, best grade in class by a landslide

>>11530391
Don't know if it's just me, but it feels like a ton of the charm of messing around with circuits is neutered in the modern day since nothing you can cook up is comparable to something you can just by somewhere.

>>11531197
Just the regular stuff, DFT, DTFT, z-transform, etc, should be alright considering its open book at this point

>>11530441
then don't use matlab

These threads need a proper OP with good book recommendations (half the /sci/ wiki is shit), project ideas, etc
See >>>/diy/ohm

>>11530454
It's a nice piece of maths regardless of your level. In EE its just cool to see maths in real world stuff

>>11530391
I am reading through Microwave Filters, Matching Networks and Coupling Structures by Young, Matteis and Jones for my MEng. I started beginning of this year and don't know shit about microwave filters. They are weird little circuits

>>11530477
make an astable multivibrator to flash 2 led lights, and from there, try to build a function generator which uses that circuit with op amps to create square triangle and sine waves. Try to design latches using a basic npn or n channel transistors. They are very basic circuits which can be made with a couple of resistors, capacitors and transistors or op amps.

>>11531197
The Kreyszig one, pretty good in a mid-level between pure math masturbation and advanced engineering math

>>11531402
Yes, the analog to digital shift and CMOS process really shaked the electronics world, it's a pity since handmade circuitry is so fun and can teach you a lot. But it's a matter of evolving, like we did with computers some decades ago. The Signals path is the way.

>>11531409
Yeah my physical copy of Oppenheims discrete time signal processing was pretty useless when the final came, the prof just made it extremely hard so that cheating wanst even possible. I heavily suggest you properly prepare yourself instead of getting confident because the exam will be online.
Wont be so bad as DSP is a lot of fun

>>11532117
Suggest one then

>>11532634
Im really strong on control, signal processing, power systems and machinery but I feel like a pleb when it comes to electronics.
I want to learn some hardcore shit, where can I start?

We should really out together a list of textbooks and resources for this general, ill start writting one and ill post it soonish

Any tesla coil anons in this thread? I wanted to build one and I also have some plans ready, but all shops are closed. Plus my relative who has a device to make me a large coil is under quarantine. What do?

Books and resources:

[eqn]\mathbb{BASIC} \hspace{2mm} \mathbb{KNOWLEDGE}:[/eqn]
Single variable and multivariable Calculus:
>Apostol
>Spivak
>Piskunov

Complex variable Calculus:
>someone please suggest a book, we mostly used our profs. Lecture notes for this class

Linear Algebra:
>Lang's linear algebra

Differential Equations:
>ODEs and boundary value problems by Zill

Electromagnetism:
>Electrodynamics by Griffith
>Sadiku's electromagnetism

Basic Circuit analysis:
>Sadiku's elementary circuit analysis

[eqn]\mathbb{CONTROL} \hspace{2mm} \mathbb{SYSTEMS}:[/eqn]
>Modern control Engineering by Ogata
>Control systems by Kuo

[eqn]\mathbb{SIGNAL} \hspace{2mm} \mathbb{PROCESSING}:[/eqn]
>Signals and Systems by Oppenheim
>Discrete time Signal processing by Oppenheim

[eqn]\mathbb{POWER} \hspace{2mm} \mathbb{SYSTEMS}:[/eqn]
>power systems analysis by Stevenson
>power system analysis by Khotari

[eqn]\mathbb{ELECTRIC} \hspace{2mm} \mathbb{MACHINERY}:[/eqn]
>Electric Machinery fundamentals by Chapman (4th ed is best)

Please add for electronics, youre more than welcome to expand and criticise, the idea is that this list is perfected by our collective effort

>>11530391
Bump

>>11530391
23, should I go into EE?
is it worth it?

>>11533306
Complex Analysis by Gamelin. Or the two Conway books

>>11533683
definitely, especially if you're interested. i'm 25 in a month about to get my EE bachelors. i have friends on my course who are 28 and 32. i assume you're from the USA where getting a bachelors 1.5-2x's your income overnight (almost irregardless of degree). and with engineering this easily pays itself even if you take out a bunch of loans for it and got your degree at like 40.

>>11533306
>CONTROLSYSTEMS
"modern control" is control using state-space representation. i think it's better to start with classical control, of which this is a really good book, which is also free, http://www.cds.caltech.edu/~murray/amwiki/index.php/Second_Edition

after that you can move onto Ogata, and then a book on nonlinear control

>>11533731
>>11533705
Ill add these.
I actually got started with control using the state space model, never had done classical control stuff. Think kuo has something on it. Will check it out.

Please add books you think can further improve the list

>>11533708
I mean this is a good point but definitely not the reason to get into EE.
Get into EE if you are fascinated by all things electricity and like engaging in really high level abstract thought and then using that abstract thinking to implement a real world solution

>>11533848
i agree completely. i know i talked mostly about money but i did start off by saying
>especially if you're interested
By that I just meant, getting a degree of any sort is definitely a good investment but if you're interested in EE then you can't go wrong

>>11533860
Yes pretty much. If what we have discussed applies to anon then he should definitely get into EE, its a pretty cool field and its very rewarding, no doubt a worthwile endeavor

>>11533306
The Art or Electronics for electronics

>>11533306
microelectronics millman and all related to he is a good introduction to electronics for engineers.

More simple is the art of electronics is very practical but isn´t good for theory

Where my photonics bros at? I lost the limited ability to effectively understand OP pic a long time ago.

>>11532153
I just graduated from my undergrad for engineering physics, I'm reading microwave transistor amplifiers by Gonzalez. Very nice treatment of matching devices

>>11534086
the little nigga op amp is just there to make the AC current strong enough to drive a speaker. the AC current oscillates at the frequency of the sound which is created by moving a magnet which moves a cup that pushes air at that same frequency

Anyone have experience with ADS (software)? Any guides/handbooks?

Can one find a subfield of EE that deals more with applied physics and math instead of faggy breadboard projects

>>11534164
Electromagnetics, Radar, Semiconductors, RF, Antenna design

>>11534164
controls is basically 100% applied maths, and basically all other subfields of EE. optics + everything here >>11534170 too

>>11534164
spectroscopy

>>11534164
Basically every single one except for electronics

>>11534177
>>11534170
Thanks gents. Now tell me the jobs market is booming for those fields please.

>>11534202
>booming
no but once we are out of this 5 year recession we are heading into many of the boomers will be dead and you'll find a good job

Where my (system)verilog boys at?

>>11534853
>hdl
i just woke up and i already want to go back to bed, thanks anon

>Wiring capacitors in series lowers the capacitance.
So if I wire enough vacuum tubes together in series I'll end up with a superconductor?

>>11533306
Electronics:
Microelectronics by Sedra and Smith

Check out these lectures by Bezhad Razavi has a supplement, they're much better than any of my professors from uni:
Electronics 1: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL7qUW0KPfsIIOPOKL84wK_Qj9N7gvJX6v
Electronics 2: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO4mxQzfcml_56XSGcA8ULOv7qEtZd0Hy

Digital Design:
Digital Design Principles and Practice by Wakerly

VHDL (more of a reference/guide once you know digital design):
Free Range VHDL by Mealy and Tappero
The Designers Guide to VHDL by Ashenden and Lewis

Computer Architecture (there's also an ARM version and a RISCV version, but I haven't looked at them):
Computer Organization and Design MIPS Edition by Patterson and Hennesy

Embedded Systems and RTOS design (ARM focused):
Embedded and Real-Time Operating Systems by Wang
The Definitive Guide to ARM Cortex M3 and M4 Processors by Yiu
Real-Time Operating Systems for ARM Cortex-M Microcontrollers by Valvano

Programming in C:
Reusable Firmware Development by Beningo (more focused on embedded)
Modern C by Gustedt (more general C programming guide, more up to date than K&R, not all applies to embedded)

Audio DSP Effects (pretty cool):
DAFX Digital Audio Effects by Zolzer

We should probably make a Mega folder with all the resources saved in it and just put that in the OP

>>11534202
>booming
yeah no, you can probably get a job in whatever you're interested in (as long as you're not a total shitter), but you'll probably have to move. I'm also assuming you live in USA and are a citizen since a decent chunk of the jobs related to those are in defense.

My control systems lecturer is absolutely terrible. Is there something about this subject that draws exceptionally eccentric professors, even by EE standards. The two guys I've had have been head in the clouds, autistic weirdos who are obviously clever but can't teach to save their lives. Everyone in the class is completely confused, his coursework is completely jumbled and chaotic, his MATLAB code is all over the place.

The thing is I have looked at nearly all of Brian Douglas's control systems lectures on YouTube and it's obvious that it isn't actually any more difficult than my other classes, this lecturers is just an absolute clown.

>>11535129
It's basically pure math. Have you seen the average math department? They're all autismos

>>11533306
>Complex variables
Churchill is also good

>Probability for EE(1st course)
Probability, Random Variables And Random Signal Principles - Peebles

>Circuit analysis(2nd course)
Linear and non-linear circuits - Chua, Desoer, Kuh
Computer Methods for Circuit Analysis and Design - Vlach, also SPICE documentation
>Digital Systems (1st course)
Digital Systems - Tocci

>Computer Organization
Intel 086, 186, 286, 386 and 486 user manuals
and Intel Microprocessors by Brey

>Communications
for theory Communication Systems - Haykin
for circuits Communication Circuits Analysis and Design - Hess

>C++
C++ How To Program - Deitel

>Instrumentation and Measures Circuits
Design with Operational Amplifiers - Franco

>Classical Control
Any textbook ill do, Dorf, Ogata, Nise... choose the one you like the most

>Modern Control
Linear Systems Theory - Hespanha

>Signals
You can do well with Lathi(nice for a 1st exposure), Haykin(intermediate) or Oppenheim(intermediate)

>DSP
Understanding Signal Processing - Lyons is VERY important if you can´t get intuition for the calculations, DSP isn't just about math, you must understand the symbols in a way that when you see the formulas there are pictures in your head telling what they mean.

Digital Signal Processing: System Analysis and Design - Diniz (really nice and modern)

Discrete-Time Processing - Oppenheim(good when you're matured)

there is also Proakis, but the first chapters of them are almost the same

>Operational Systems

Operating Systems: Principles and Practice - Anderson

>Audio DSP
Fundamentals of Musical Processing - Müller

Signal Processing Methods for Music Transcription - Klapuri

there's also Kahrs, Brandenburg one

>>11535140
you even get a sample of their future by checking this board

>>11535115
>>11535213
Thanks, this list is getting pretty good.

>>11535129
Control is the tits bro, my prof was a complete autist but thankfully an excellent teacher, I had the same problem you have with power systems tho, a bit worse as my prof was a gigantic cunt with a chip on her shoulder.
I suggest you read Ogata and do all the matlab examples

>>11530539
retard alert

>>11530391
What horrendous notation. You're taking the Fourier transform of a complex number? I think what you meant to say is [eqn]\mathcal{F}[t \mapsto x(t)](\omega).[/eqn] Also curly braces are retarded as function argument delimiters.

>dad goes into hospital on the 19th of March with corona
>haven’t submitted a single assignment since then
>lecturer for two if my classes won’t give me any extensions

Am I fucked lads? First year EE

>>11535774
Yes

>>11535452
Might want to also add good EE related youtube channels to a pastebin or something. Obvious ones are EEVblog, Ben Eater, GreatScott, styropyro, Applied Science (not strictly EE, but he's got a lot of videos that explain relevant technologies), ElectroBOOM
I also like Marco Reps, learnelectronics, w2aew

>>11535928
Thats a good idea, I really dont like electroBoom, its good if youre a hs student or something I guess but not a serious channel by any means.
Its made for the layman

>>11530507
You mean a potentiometer?

>>11535608
Its pretty standard and clear notation.
[eqn]\hat{x}(\omega) = \mathcal{F}\{x(t) \} (\omega)[/eqn]
Please refrain from posting pedantic math shit. I say this as an EE/math double major.

>>11533683
I'm 23, about to go into my final year of Electronic & Computer Engineering.

If you're able for it, it's one of the best fields you can study in my opinion. I was like you, it definitely wasn't my passion in life and I wasn't one of those kids that spent all their time playing with electronics or programming. I was a jack of all trades in school, to be fair I was good at math and physics in comparison to my peers.

I've found it hard and it's going to take me 6 years to get a 4 year degree, but I honestly wouldn't have it any other way. I was a lazy student and if anything else, engineering has taught me how to grind and work hard. I also feel like it has made me much more analytically minded and objective in general, which is something gradual and you don't really notice happening.

>>11530391
Just switched from CompE to EE and it’s made me feel much more excited for my class work and the future. What are/were some of your favorite courses you took in college?

>>11536459
>favorite courses
love my course overall so far but they all kind of suck becauase my uni is shit. information theory makes me feel like my brain is fucking huge though

>>11536459
Definitly control, signal processing, electronics and electric machinery.

For math complex analysis and diff eqs was pretty fucking cool

>>11536074
I still wonder why you apply the Fourier operator on a fixed time evaluation of a function when you want to define a full frequency domain function. Are you sure you're not adding the "(t)" by mistake?

>>11536705
What are you trying to say? That you're applying the transform for a fixed value of t? x is a function of t so to leave that out would look like you're taking the transform of a variable. Is writing x(t) really any different than writing a function under an integral where the function argument is a variable in the limit of the integral?

>>11537300
Hes just being annoying, ignore

>>11532153
pozar is your friend for everything related to microwave circuits

bump

>>11536368

What practice/s would you recommend for a borderline student to become a proficient mathematician who can "grind and work hard"?

>graduate EE program
>currently work for massive government contractor (15k+ employees) for 3 years
>boring project management engineering work, 3 degrees of separation between myself and any sort of engineering problem solving or design, mostly managing legacy shit whose design was finished and implemented 20 years ago
>job can be done with MS office suite, email, and a phone
>most engineers in senior/management positions are boomers who spend their days yelling at eachother, throwing people under the bus to the customer, and arguing about high level workflow processes
>other 'career' engineers have been there for 20+ years doing some menial task in the workflow sequence and shirk any other work, completely obsolete and defunct in terms of job skills
>general cultural of disdain for academic engineering/maths (you don't need that shit to do ACTUAL engineering)
>$85k a year in a low-medium CoL area

Trying to hop off this degreed people welfare program and return to some sort of purity in engineering. I've been getting my M.S. in EE while working, focus in controls. Haven't really dipped my toes in the job market. How rare are these jobs?

>>11538714
If you don't want to do the same thing you're doing now for the rest of your life (or go into management I suppose), and you aren't learning anything new at your job (any job in-fact) you should leave. If they're paying for your masters though then it might be worth staying with them and trying to transfer to another department in the mean-time.

>>11538243
Discipline bro

>>11538714
Sounds like a nightmare jesus christ. Seriously hate boomer engineers that say "academic" shit is useless.

>>11530391
Seems this thread is dying im going to post a derivation of the impedance of a capacitor in frequency domain as a more interesting bump than just posting bump.

By Gauss's law we have that the current thru a capacitor with capacitance [math]C[/math] is:

[eqn]i_c(t) = C \frac{dv_c(t)}{dt}[/eqn]

If we use the Laplace transform and asume a forced responce:

[eqn]I_c(s) = sCV_c(s) \\
\iff V_c(s) = \frac{1}{sC}I_c(s) \\
\iff Z_c(s) = \frac{1}{sC} \square[/eqn]

Lets do it for inductors too:

By Faraday's law, the voltage thru an inductor with inductance [math]L[/math] is:

[eqn]v_l(t) = L \frac{di_l(t)}{dt}[/eqn]

If we use the Laplace transform and asume a forced responce:

[eqn]V_l(s) = sLI_l(s) \\
\iff Z_l(s) = sL \square[/eqn]

As an exercise see what happens if you let [math]\sigma = 0[/math] that is, the estationary state for an AC excitation.

>>11538714
Anyone have any advice on how to avoid jobs like these? Any red flags?

>>11539598
Anything where the job description is mostly fluff. A lot of defense jobs (not the majority, but a larger portion than in any other industry) are like this. Small companies that do very repetitive work have a similar problem, but it's usually more of an issue at large companies where roles are very specific and tasks are significantly separated from the final product.

>>11538714
Holy based, I'm looking for a job like that so I can pay off my students loans a bit before getting a real job (just like you),
>I've been getting my M.S. in EE while working, focus in controls
Holy double based, I'm doing the same. The thing about controls, as you know, is that it is totally ubiquitous with all areas of engineering and general science. It's even a /lit/ meme as per Nick Land's constant rumination of cybernetics. You can apply to literally every area of study conceivable the basic idea of feedback systems. The impression that I got, and have moreso now, is that there's no way you wouldn't be able to find a job in controls.

>>11535213
Thanks, I just downloaded 3 1000-page pdfs.
I hope the quarantine gives me enough motivation to read them all.

Any books or supplementary material on digital image processing?

>>11540122
Just reminded me to update the list, thanks.

>>11540224
Is there nothing of use to you posted on the lists??

>>11537300
The Fourier operator acts on functions, not numbers, that's what I am trying to say. If x is a real valued function of t, x(t) is a real number, and F does not act on real. The notation does not make sense as is although everybody can understand it: it feels unrigorous, weird, and is probably not what is used as standard although you claim it is. Meanwhile, F{x} would make complete sense as F{x} is now a function with its own domain. And yes, bracket are unusual too but we can make do.

>>11537328
please notice me senpai uwu

when are there going to be tools that allow the average person to manufacture an eletronic board is their garage workshop?

>>11533683
I'm 26 and in third year, but I went back after being a tech for a few years. Do it, but be prepared to work and be stressed

>>11540280
manufacture these nuts in your mouth nerd

>>11539012
Yeah it's infuriating. Boomers have ruined the way of business and found ways to dissociate themselves from any sort of technical rigor and accountability. They just get the funding streams in place and channel capital to different vendors. Sometimes we'll contract a vendor who will then subcontract a vendor. We receive the final product, but between each level of accountability there's a paywall to communication in the form of support contracts. The SMEs at the other end will consciously withhold knowledge or deliver a broken product and make you pay up. The taxpayer is absolutely fleeced. I've seen 2-line code changes run the government $60k.

>>11539598
In the interview absolutely grill the hiring manager about what it is the group does and what you'll be doing. If they're wishy washy, that's the first red flag. Do not be scared to take conversations in a technical direction. Ask what degrees your coworkers have. If it's not engineering, math, or physics GTFO. Also, having engineering techs coded as engineers is another big red flag. The other post is right, be careful of very large companies working on DoD projects. They are thinly veiled defense welfare projects. I swear some of my coworkers are legitimately senile and should have retired long ago.

>>11539635
It's definitely financially and career-wise a very smart move. Especially if you want to get into DoD cleared work. That opens up a job market that is invisible to most. I actually am very excited about seeing what sort of controls work is out there. It is character building grinding at something you hate for a few years. Recalibrates your perspective. Makes the school grind feel enjoyable, valuable, and refreshing.

>>11540241
>Is there nothing of use to you posted on the lists??
There is a lot of dsp stuff, I was wondering if there was something more specific.
I've downloaded Gonzalez/Woods.

>>11540310

you quoted the wrong person retard LMAO

>>11540248
This is from daddy oppenheim. Pls shut up now jesus christ

>>11540318
Cool, if you find something you deem better suited pls post

>>11540253
>>11540392
manufacture these nuts in your mouth nerd

>>11533306
thanks anon!

>>11535115
>Programming in C:
I've seen Computer scientists and software developers claim that C is a dead language and that python is superior. Why do they still teach C?

>>11540587
C is for embedded systems and low level programming. Its usually used when programming microcontrollers for which you need to work pretty close to the hardware. A lot of EEs go as far as knowing various assembly languages.

>>11533683
23 first year EE and easily the best decision ive made

>>11540599
Thanks. I knew they taught it for a reason

>>11540528
It still is bad notation, I don't care who is writing this. Unless Oppenheim defines the Fourier transform over every value taken by a function, but that is not really canon by modern standards. If posting makes you angry, then you can be sure I'll continue posting.

>>11530391
Sweet reminder that SDR is fun.

>>11530489
Read griffiths, then it depends in what you're interested. I spend all my day reading about crazy controllers so that when I go out of this shithole, I will just apply PID

>>11533683
That's a very good age to get into it. I got it right out of high school and I think I was to immature to get into college. I should've made a technical course before it.

Updated list, if missed anything pls add.
Someone pls add links and shit.

Books and resources:

[eqn]\mathbb{BASIC} \hspace{2mm} \mathbb{KNOWLEDGE}:[/eqn]

Single variable and multivariable Calculus:
>Apostol
>Spivak
>Piskunov
>Basically anything but stewart.

Complex variable Calculus:
>Complex Analysis by Gamelin
>Functions of one complex variable by Conway
>Complex Variables and Applications, Churchill

Linear Algebra:
>Lang's linear algebra
>Linear Algebra done right by Axler

Differential Equations:
>ODEs and boundary value problems by Zill

Probability and Statistics:
>Probability, Random Variables And Random Signal Principles - Peebles

Books into hardcore math for those into that:
>Principles of mathematical analysis by Rudin
>Understanding Analysis by Abbott
>Real And Complex Analysis by Rudin
>Vector Calculus, Linear Algebra and Differential Forms by Hubbard

Electromagnetism:
>Electrodynamics by Griffith
>Sadiku's electromagnetism

Basic Circuit analysis:
>Sadiku's elementary circuit analysis
>Linear and non-linear circuits - Chua, Desoer, Kuh
>Computer Methods for Circuit Analysis and Design - Vlach
>SPICE documentation

[eqn]\mathbb{CONTROL} \hspace{2mm} \mathbb{SYSTEMS}:[/eqn]

>Feedback Systems by Murray
>Modern control Engineering by Ogata
>Control systems by Kuo
>Linear Systems Theory by Hespanha

[eqn]\mathbb{SIGNAL} \hspace{2mm} \mathbb{PROCESSING}:[/eqn]

Analog and/or Introductory:
>Signal Processing and Linear Systems by Lathi
>Understanding Signal processing by Lyons
>Signals and Systems by Oppenheim

Digital or Discrete Time:
>Discrete time Signal processing by Oppenheim
>Digital Signal Processing: System Analysis and Design - Diniz

Audio:
>Fundamentals of Musical Processing - Müller
>Signal Processing Methods for Music Transcription - Klapuri
>DAFX Digital Audio Effects by Zolzer

Comms:
>Communication Systems by Haykin
>Communication Circuits Analysis and Design by Hess

(1/2)

>>11540674
(2/2)

[eqn]\mathbb{POWER} \hspace{2mm} \mathbb{SYSTEMS}:[/eqn]

>power systems analysis by Stevenson
>power system analysis by Khotari
>Someone should add something on power system control, stability and optimization (ED, OPF, etc)

[eqn]\mathbb{ELECTRIC} \hspace{2mm} \mathbb{MACHINERY}:[/eqn]

>Electric Machinery fundamentals by Chapman (4th ed is best)

[eqn]\mathbb{ELECTRONICS}[/eqn]

General:
>Art of Electronics by Horowitz and Hill
>Microelectronics by Zedra and Smith

Computer Arquitecture and Organization
>Intel 086, 186, 286, 386 and 486 user manuals
>Intel Microprocessors by Brey
>Computer Organization and Design MIPS Edition by Patterson and Hennesy

Digital Systems and Design:
>Digital Systems by Tocci
>Digital Design Principles and Practice by Wakerly

Embedded Systems and RTOS design (ARM focused):
>Embedded and Real-Time Operating Systems by Wang
>The Definitive Guide to ARM Cortex M3 and M4 Processors by Yiu
>Real-Time Operating Systems for ARM Cortex-M Microcontrollers by Valvano

[eqn]\mathbb{PROGRAMMING}:[/eqn]

Operating Systems:
>Operating Systems: Principles and Practice by Anderson

C/C++:
>Reusable Firmware Development by Beningo (more focused on embedded)
>Modern C by Gustedt (more general C programming guide, more up to date than K&R, not all applies to embedded)
>C++ How To Program by Deitel
>C++ Primer by Lippman (5th ed for c++11 standard)
>The C Programming Language by Kernighan and Ritchie

VHDL (more of a reference/guide once you know digital design):
>Free Range VHDL by Mealy and Tappero
>The Designers Guide to VHDL by Ashenden and Lewis

>>11540675
Add to Electric Machinery:
> Theodore Wildi
> Fitzgerald
> White and Woodson if you want to dig deeper into the rabbit hole of transformers and electrical machinery

And to Power Systems:
>K.Y. Tang, by far the best book to read to introduce yourself into power systems because it focuses on the basics of CQC
> Haddi Saddat if you try to make your own script because he has some hiccups on some of those, other than that is pretty didactic
> Prabha Kundur, I hate because the book has terrible organization due to him being a fucking pajeet, but he touches some nice topics
> Elle Olgerd, oldest book of the bunch but delves into optimization and perturbation analysis on power systems like no one else

>>11540674
im the one that made the earlier controls suggestions. i havent read Kuo or Hespanha but I think the most common nonlinear book, one i've read, the same one that was part of the reading of multiple courses of mine, and one i've seen mentioned on here a handful of times, is Khalil's Nonlinear Systems

>>11540720
Good to have more into electrical systems

>>11540820
Shit, missed that one.

I dont have ownership of the list btw, anyone can just edit and post the new version

>>11541031
I got a lot more to add and putting out more details for some of the books I posted earlier:

Electric Machinery
> A.E. Fitzgerald, Charles Kingsley and Stephen Umans - Electric Machinery. 6th and 7th Edition are pretty good.
> George McPhesrson and Robert Laramore - An Introduction to Electrical Machines and Transformers: This is an old book but it is nice, excellent if you want to delve deeper into electric machinery.
> Theodore Wildi - Electric Machinery, Drives and Power Systems. This delves into electric machines, electric drives and their relationship and impact on a whole power grid. Pretty good to get an overall view of a power system and electric machinery.

Power Systems:
> K. Y. Tang - Alternating Current Circuits. An amazing book for getting into the theme because it focuses on the basic analytic tools you will need to work with power systems
> Paul M. Anderson - Analysis of Faulted Power Systems. Focus on short-circuit analysis, open phase faults and power system stability during a contingency. Requieres knowledge about symmetrical components.
> Allen Wood, Bruce Wollenberg - Power Generation, Operation and Control. Excellent book to tackle how to operate and optimize, from an economic viewpoint, the electrical power generation.
> Hadi Saadat - Power System Analysis. Great book to get into the concepts of power systems and how to analyze those kind of systems on most situations. Just remember to do your own scripts instead of using the ones shown in the book.
> Olle Elgerd - Electric Energy System Theory: An Introduction. While it is an older book, it delves into perturbation analysis and optimization unlike any other book I have read so far.
> P. Kundur - Power Systems Stability and Control. I hate this book with a passion due to its organization, but handles some topics in a didactic way.
> A. A. Sallam, On P. Mallik - Power Systems Stability Modelling, Analysis and Control. Good book for understanding the models used for stability studies.

>>11541571
Hmm you seem to be really into power systems.
What do you think about the books i posted earlier of these topics?
Why dont you make a power systems study guide? Like those you always see here on math and programming and stuff

>>11541656
Sort of, my undergrad was really hard, more than usual, due it's bachelor being focused on power systems, and having a duration of 5 years; thanks to that I have knowledge in some topics that should be discussed during a Masters in other countries. To be honest, my forte lies in electric machinery, specifically electric drives, electric motor design and transformer analysis, and power electronics.

Honestly, I haven't thought about making a power systems study guide, even though I have helped two professors on their lectures and even dictated some of them. Maybe I will sort something out during the quarantine while I finish polishing and expanding my old class notes.

>mfw I finished with my undergrad studies
>mfw I was just finishing up the paperwork to go to the graduation ceremony
>mfw I even spoke with my undergrad thesis supervisor to enter in the Master program and everything goes smoothly
>mfw lockdown happens
>mfw no face

>>11541714
Where are you from?
Theres a uni in my country thats just like what you describe

>>11541862
I'm from Venezuela, AKA another socialist tropical hellhole that I want to get out off. What about you, lad?

>>11541910
Haha I knew you were from the usb once I read that.
Me too bro.
How are you doing during quarantine?

>>11541919
Me too as Im venezuelan too, I dont go to usb

>>11541919
My African brother from another mother. I'm holding up, just dealing with a few things that other undergrad students ask me help with and thinkering with some automation testing and electric drive simulations. Other than that, it has been somewhat chill so far. What about you?

>>11541920
Which university, champ?

>>11533683

yes

inb4 how apropriate

>>11541944
That sounds fun.
Right now im writing my thesis and doing classes for analysis(mathematical analysis, not signal), my prof wanted to make use of quarantine time so he sends some things to read and then we discuss them via whatsapp, pretty comfy honestly.
Im also doing some project work for the company I work at and reading some stuff about tensors ive been meaning to check out for a long time.

I go to UNIMET bro, I have very mixed feelings for the uni.
I always wanted to go to usb but when the time to apply came you couldnt even apply because they had shut down or something so I went to unimet.

Btw I know a ton of people that transferred from usb that study with me as well as many, many profs.
My power systems prof was an unbearable cunt from your uni.
Who taught sistemas electricos when you were there?

>>11533683
pic related indicates you re a north african brownigger, where are u from ?
t. north african brownigger

>>11541972
>That sounds fun.
It is, I have been working with automation systems for around 4 years and the pay is really good because not many people delve into this field.

>Right now im writing my thesis and doing classes for analysis(mathematical analysis, not signal), my prof wanted to make use of quarantine time so he sends some things to read and then we discuss them via whatsapp, pretty comfy honestly.
Good news, lad. Never stop working on your thesis, if you do it becomes a nightmare according to some people. For me it was a piece of cake.

>Im also doing some project work for the company I work at and reading some stuff about tensors ive been meaning to check out for a long time.
I checked tensors just for the sake of it a long time ago, pretty interesting stuff I must say. I wish you luck if you tackle that in the future.

>I go to UNIMET bro, I have very mixed feelings for the uni. I always wanted to go to usb but when the time to apply came you couldnt even apply because they had shut down or something so I went to unimet.
Worry not, I won't judge you or anyone else for your university. Except those cunts from UCV, fuck those bastards with a rake. Sorry to hear that you couldn't make it here, but what can I say? The unis are suffering big time.

>Btw I know a ton of people that transferred from usb that study with me as well as many, many profs.
Yeah, many did. The students to not be held down by strikes and whatnot and the professors due to low salaries. Same old tale.

>My power systems prof was an unbearable cunt from your uni.
Let me guess, Aida Smith? Or was it someone else?

>Who taught sistemas electricos when you were there?
Based José Vivas, Based Miguel Martínez and Based Virgilio de Andrade. Gotta say, those profs, all of them now out of the country, were pretty good. We still have some good professors here at USB and some students and grad students are doing their best to help them out.

>>11541714
I think this is a sudaca standard, I thought you were brazilian from your description, here in my uni(UFRJ) we have 2 different courses, Electrical Engineering - energy generation and distribution focused - and Electronics and Computer Engineering - everything low power/voltage -, both 5 years long, as any eng.

>>11542017
>Let me guesa Aida Smith
Lmao nailed it bro.
Massive, massive cunt. Doesnt help shes head of the departament here.
Jesus christ what a massive cunt.
Power systems 1 and 2 were quite literally the worst educational experience ive ever had BY FAR due to her.
It was so unbearably bad jesus. I have many stories on her if youd like to know.
Did you take classes with her?
Btw did you take any classes with Pedro Teppa?

>>11542079
Yes its the same in colombia, standard is changing rapidly tho. Internationally EE is both electric and electronics engineering

>>11542017
Btw I work in an automation company, if you ever need a job I can hook you up

>>11541714
>>11542079
Isn't the german standard 5 years as well?

>>11542079
>>11542115
Honestly, the sudaca standard is better for making hyper specialized professionals, though so far most South American universites that work on this standard do their best to make us more integrated and able to work with other professionals.

>>11542109
She is a massive cunt. For the record, my supervisor, the former head of the department, fired here because she was doing a terrible job with the basic courses and the power systems courses as well. I didn't take classes with her but she is awful according to my friends.

I have heard of the guy but never took classes with him.

>>11542181
Hey, that's nice. I will take you on that offer. Should I send my CV your way or through your company's email?

>>11542213
I think it is less than 5 years. Europe, in general, has a weird system were they take in account they time you served being a lab assistant or academic assistant to your Masters or something like that, I don't quite remember.

>>11530391
Fourier transformations are good to know. Once you learned it well enough, check out its connections to probability theory through the characteristic function or the Fourier transformation of Schrodinger's wave equation.

This is a good use of quarantine time.

>>11542243
ive been going through Stanford's lectures on the topic over quarantine, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5qRpgfQld4

as well as the free lecture notes (which is basically a textbook but even better),
https://see.stanford.edu/materials/lsoftaee261/book-fall-07.pdf

The world is seriously a different place once you "intuitively" understand Fouriershit

>>11540587
You should know at least one bare metal language that can compile to native binaries. C can accomplish anything from the lowest to highest level, from programming kernels to desktop applications. If you don't have a Python module for something, you often write it in C/C++ (Boost, for example).

I think it's terrible that students nowadays only learn Python.

As for skills, I have worked at a large company making $160k/year. All the top tier software companies like Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, Google pay similar.

But the people there don't know math. When they like to show off, they talk about math but they don't know as much as a math college graduate. They are wannabe mathematicians. What they are good at is being very familiar with their tools and programming languages, being able to absorb a lot of code in a short amount of time, and very good with algorithms.

If you know how to sort, trees, hashes, shortest path, string search, etc. you can easily get a job at those companies. Yet, I see so many H1-Bs there.

Do Americans hate those jobs? Why, if they pay so well? There is so much job anxiety, yet, when I tell people what company I worked for they always say "Oh, that company sucks."

Compared to what? And with that amount of salary, it can suck a little here and there, the hours can get a bit crazy.

Why aren't more Americans teaching themselves how to code? I know it's a meme by now, but why are there so many Chinese and Indians?

The argument that they get them cheap doesn't hold water, either. My American colleagues all got paid the same or less.

>>11542232
She was actually fired there? Fucking kek hahahahahahahaahhaaha
Pls tell story.
Now, to be fair, I do respect her, she did a very good academic career on one of the hardest fields in an age were women werent even really expected to study, and coming from a very rich family were she didnt really need to do any of that.I dont mean this in a cringe feminist way, I mean she def has real love for her field.

But as a prof shes utter shit, for example this trimestre she did this:
>Start off with 3-phase fault analysis
>she gives one (1) class on how to compute Zbus and how to expand it and shit
>expend next 5 weeks learning about symmetric components, to the point we completely forgot about how to do 3phase faults without sequence networks
>test coming up
>"study sequence networks and symmetrical components"
> Exam had literally 0 questions on symmetrical components
>A 12 point question was how to expand Zbus given a fault in the middle of the line and how to modify it given a new impedance added to a bar
>I wrote to just compute Ybus again and invert it and to compute the thevennin voltage with a new impedance on the affected bars
>she marks it wrong, says we were supposed to use the expansion method
>she made the specific remark that we shouldnt learn the methods on expanding Zbus as "just finding Ybus and inverting or computing thevennin is way easier"

Ok, send your CV here, its entirely possible theres a job opening, be aware the boss can be a total cunt tho.
sanmichelena@gmail.com

>>11542323
No dont send your cv to me, look for automatizacion corp in linkedin, once you apply ill vouch for you

>>11540625
It isn't. You are mistaking the function x(t) with a particular value of that function, say x(t*) ot x(t=t*) or basically x evaluated at some point. x(t) represents the signal (or function), NOT a value. that's why when defining a function you end it with x=x(t) or f=f(x), etc. The notation of OP is correct.

>>11542335
I'm only self-taught in many things related to deeper math, so I'm not always sure, but what you are saying might be similar to this question on math stackexchange I had read recently:

https://math.stackexchange.com/a/3124561

It's probably correct to distinguish between the value of the function and the function itself. If you are a software engineer like myself these differences are familiar, like passing a function pointer or invoking a function. If you have a strongly typed language, those differences are not just pedantic.

I can see why some people being pedantic can be annoying but it is also often a major source of confusion for newcomers to a subject. As many others, I've been diving (or trying to) into all kinds of subjects and realized how wrong the usage of the word "tensor" is in machine learning. Now that I have started learning general relativity and I actually am beginning to grasp what a tensor is, it seems to have nothing to do with a machine learning tensor anymore. They just used it for anything that can be represented as a higher dimensional matrix. It's as if they confused the notational device for the meaning of it. I didn't understand before why people were so confused by the term but now that I am starting to become a little less uneducated myself I can start to see why notational abuses can seriously throw off people, so it's probably good to be precise about terminology and notation until you know you're surrounded by people who will know what you mean from context.

>>11542335
I'm only self-taught in many things related to deeper math, so I'm not always sure, but what you are saying might be similar to this question on math stackexchange I had read recently:

https://math.stackexchange.com/a/3124561

It's probably correct to distinguish between the value of the function and the function itself. If you are a software engineer like myself these differences are familiar, like passing a function pointer or invoking a function. If you have a strongly typed language, those differences are not just pedantic.

I can see why some people being pedantic can be annoying but it is also often a major source of confusion for newcomers to a subject. As many others during this quarantine, I've been diving (or trying to) into all kinds of subjects and realized how wrong the usage of the word "tensor" is in machine learning. Now that I have started learning general relativity and I actually am beginning to grasp what a tensor is, it seems to have nothing to do with a machine learning tensor anymore. They just used it for anything that can be represented as a higher dimensional matrix. It's as if they confused the notational device for the meaning of it. I didn't understand before why people were so confused by the term but now that I am starting to become a little less uneducated myself I can start to see why notational abuses can seriously throw off people, so it's probably good to be precise about terminology and notation until you know you're surrounded by people who will know what you mean from context.

>>11540248
>If x is a real valued function of t, x(t) is a real number
you're really pushing the limits on what it means to bait. it's hard to believe anybody is this dumb. i'm literally watching brad osgood call f(t) a function as we speak, and so has every other math phd in every country in world history except for whatever dumbfuck third world swampschool you crawled out of

>>11542390
I'm very smol brain in math, but maybe it's not so dumb to discuss these things. Sometimes notation is commonly misused and distinguishing between f and f(t) might be pedantic in some cases, but it doesn't seem so wrong. That is why there is often separate notation to make it explicit. Mathematical notation seems to be more context sensitive, but it also implies much more, sort of like a medium between a programming language and a natural language.

If everybody is in agreement if the function value or the function is meant, there is no issue here, no?

>>11542385
>I can see why some people being pedantic can be annoying but it is also often a major source of confusion for newcomers to a subject.
looks like you've already been BTFO'd on multiple points before on this very topic AND you already conceded that your totally subjective stance on Einstein's notation abuse is useful. so why the fuck are you still going around correcting people? You're being a pedant, and your correction is so stupidly niche and insignificant that your appeal to "i'm just trying to help out the noobs" is so clearly in a bad faith that it's laughable. https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1024280/most-ambiguous-and-inconsistent-phrases-and-notations-in-maths/1025161#1025161

>>11542385
Look faggot, im both an EE and a mathfag I can say youre categorically wrong. Youve been btfod multiple times in the thread and just keep autistically insisting for no reason.
Ffs I posted a screenshot of Oppenheim using that notation in his book and you dismissed it as if somehow you knew more than motherfucking oppenheim.
Look, being wrong is ok, were all wrong about things every once in a while.

>>11542390
>>11542433
Hes just a massive faggot.

>>11542385
Just to be clear, I wrote >>11542335, but did not write >>11542465
In any case, I'm not saying there isn't a distinction between the value of a function and the function itself. There is, that's why it's important to properfly define the function before taking it's transform or operating with it in any way; that's why I said, when you define the function x you normally end with x=x(t), so it's clear x(t) represents the function and something like x(t_0) represents a value of the function. Then it's perfectly valid to take the transform of x or x(t), since they are the same thing.

As a self-taught CS fag, I've wanted to ask if it's completely doable to self-teach EE so that I could eventually (within 1-2 years) be able to build a product & create a start-up.
Pretty sure it's entirely doable but wanted some other opinions.

>>11542385
I'm not a sfotware engineering, however I have programmed in both C and C++, and I understand what you are saying (I think). In those languages at least if you define a function as something like f(int t), then when writing f(t) you would indeed be taking the value of that function when evaluated at t, and it would be totally different than writing f. However, that is like that because you're in a programming langugae and certain rules must be followed. It isn't the same in math. Think of it as being able to define a function as f(t) (int t*) that is, your function name is f(t). This might not be doable in C or C++, but is is perfectly valid to do so using mathematical language.

>>11542323
What a cunt. But something like that happened, not to mention that she wasn't teaching the basic course something so elemental as phasors and working with RMS values for power systems. And don't even get me started on handling power balance and complex power.

I do agree with you that she has a great academic career but she doesn't have what it takes to be a professor.

>>11542329
Noted. I will finish my CV these days and apply over there. Thanks pal.

>>11542642
It is plausible, given that you can handle simulating electronic components and the handling of signals. I guess you could focus on pure electronics, power electronics, radio waves, signals, control and digital systems. That's just my input on that, lad.

>>11542317
I suppose it is more about people not trying to put an effort, happens in a lot of countries honestly. As someone who is polishing himself to be better, I try to learn as much as I can and use it to improve my work. It is tiresome at times, but it has to be done.

>>11542678
If you want you can send your cv my way and I can give you some pointers.
Let me give you some usefull info right away:
>Experience with programming, web dev and the sort will be very, very beneficial
>Say you have an interest in IoT, we are an IoT company in the end
>Make sure to make very clear you specialize in automation, give plenty of examples of projects youve worked on if you can

Their model employee is a usb electronics engineer, he is a pretty cool guy and a complete workaholic, so people from your uni have a very good reference.
Ill ask my boss tomorrow about open positions, just 3 days ago they fired an electronice engineer from the unefa, so you may be in luck.
Btw you absolutely DO NOT know this but pay ranges from 300 to 800 usd a month + bonuses, for example if you bring your own laptop you instantly get a +20usd bonus per month.
Given your background Id expect a 400+usd salary, you need to be on the boss back in order for him to pay you tho.
Any questions you have just ask bro. Ill talk to my boss tomorrow about open positions.
Btw the work location is in paseo el hatillo, pretty close to usb. And right now we work online.

>>11542642
Embedded systems would be comparatively easy to teach yourself.

>>11542775
Well, I'll be damned, lad. Thanks for the pointers. I will finish my CV as soon as I can, trying to migrate it to a new template for myself (I can send it over to you if you can handle work on LaTeX).

>>Experience with programming, web dev and the sort will be very, very beneficial
I can say that I have delve into web dev wizardry, but I have worked on network programming for distributed control systems. Same with handling information form PLCs and whatnot and HMI programming.

>>Say you have an interest in IoT, we are an IoT company in the end
I can handle that.

>>Make sure to make very clear you specialize in automation, give plenty of examples of projects youve worked on if you can
I worked 2 years on a company, that crashed and burned after I left, and I have worked on a few automation projects, mostly food processing plants, manufacturing (a few), water pumping control and lighting control as well.

First year Automation Engineering student here,
How are logic gates actually constructed? In themselves, they don't constitute an electronic component.

>>11542897
Transistors mostly.

>>11542901
Honestly, we just learned about transistors and MOSFETs near the end of our curriculum for the year, I thought transistors largely act as amplifiers and switches? How does that translate into AND, NAND, OR, NOR, etc?

>>11542908
They form the logic gates, flip flops and whatnot throughout combination of said components. I don't quite remember the schematics but I remember seeing them in one of my electronics/digital electronics book. "Lessons in Electric Circuits - Vol. 4 Digital" by Tony Kuphaldt. Basically they use transistors as a switch, mostly in saturation and cutoff to generate the logic signals. Remember that logic signals are mostly 0 and 1, represented on 0V and 5V, or any other low voltage to represent another state.

>>11542897
you don't really need to know but they're stupidly simple. it's a basic property of boolean logic that you can construct ALL other logic out of NAND logic. so you could construct a computer using only NAND gates that can do everything any other computer can do (albeit it won't be as fast, surely).

a NAND gate is extremely simple, just two transistors like so (pic related).

>>11530391

Anyone else notice the the circuit in the op has little value other than creating distortion.

>>11542966
doesnt it amplify the AudioIn so that it can drive the speaker? what am i missing?

>>11542966
also how would a negative feedback amplifier increase distortion? im asking sincerely

>>11542975
>>11542989

The lm386 has an open loop gain from 20 to 200. There likely is a great variance in where any given device will fall in this range. Since there is no feedback the amplitude will always be something between 20-200. There is no amplitude control. It's likely the input signal will just clip at the rails. It's much better to incorporate feedback, so there is a determined gain and if that gain needs to be something predictable the feedback will determine that.

Yo bros, I'm in my 3rd year of studying computer engineering. Wasn't able to get an internship lined up for this summer because of COVID-19. Am I screwed when I start looking for a full time job after graduating this fall? Am I screwed in general because our economy is about to go into recession?

>>11543057

you'll have plenty as the court engineer for some feudal lord in post-corona society

>>11543057
Don't sweat it, just start applying to jobs asap, even before graduation. I fucked around for a year after graduation with no internships and still landed a job within a month of starting to apply. Biggest thing that will screw you is being afraid to apply because of having too few internships, too low gpa, too this, too that, etc.

I read nothing
This must be how I’m programmed
Everything is always color coordinated and visualized
Everything is in dimensional scale
Ascending x2 descending divide by .5
Music is my thing
Like patterns and colors mannnnnnnn
Autistic as fuuuuck or something
I’m not a genius
I had a 4.0 gpa without trying and I always succeed at anything I ever set out to do I think it pisses ppl off cuz they spend all their money and think inside the box and here comes me being a jack off and make em feel inadequate then I’ll go degen and fuck all the barely legal sluts on campus and get kicked off campus for getting high nothing is ever a challenge I’m not really interested in life anymore all I do is Jack off and smoke weed

Ppl act like I care

I hope the world burns fuck all yall

>>11542317
Because coding sucks and is by far the worst part of EE (and I'm not sure it should even be considered a part of it). I went into the major to learn electronics and E&M. Every embedded systems course/programming course only cemented my hate for CS.

I heard if u wire enough vacuum tubes together u end up making a dyson

>>11543320

take your Latuda kid

>>11543374
Being a coding monkey sucks, I agree. Thinking how to program, as in creating in algorithm, is another matter, way better than being a coding monkey.

>>11542894
Youll def get the job mynigga
If you want you can send the curriculum my way and ill try to help you.
Either way I wont really do much, as youre the definition of what they want.

Hermano tu cv esta bien depinga, eres lo que buscan, aplica con orgullo, yo mañana hablo maravillas de ti

>>11542894
Btw ill really like working with you.
Ill be able to learn a lot from you.

>>11543034
The LM386 isn't like a regular op-amp ya tard. Look at its internal schematic and tell me when you find the feedback network.

Hint: There's still feedback even with nothing across the gain setting pins.

>>11537644
Pozar doesn't handle guiding structures nicely, I prefer how Balanis does it in Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics. He also doesn't handle S-parameters well IMO

Bump

>>11530391
Any links for PSSE download? I'm needing it for an electrical power systems course.

Do any of you use microcap? I've always used ltspice, but some people on /ohm/ seem to like it more

I'm stuck on this problem with a voltage divider biased Npn transistor.

The professor wants us to recalculate VB, VE, VC, IE, IC, IB and Beta after flipping R1 and R2 for a circuit from a previous problem. But how can I determine if the divider is stiff or not without knowing the beta value? If it is stiff, I can solve for VB with the approximated formula, but otherwise I can't figure out how I'd calculate RIN(BASE) without knowing BetaDC.

>>11545728
Actually, I guess I can't calculate IB without Beta DC either? I might be misunderstanding the problem.

>>11545728
>>11545820
Any help would be appreciated. Should be a simple problem, but with the formulas from the textbook I'm just going around in circles. Seems like I need to crack into either the value of RIN or Beta to solve the problem. Frustrating to waste so much time on something I know shouldn't be complicated.

>>11545728
>>11545820
>>11545915
its definitely stiff because RE is much smaller than R2. looks like you solved it correctly too

>>11545915
oops ignore that last part im an idiot, it's definitely stiff but what do you mean Bdc isn't supplied? it says 110 next to the transistor?

>>11545820
wait im retarded it's NOT stiff, here's the rule for stiffness that I learned. if r2 is much less than re then most of the current should be flowing through r2 meaning a small current will be going through the base

>>11545978
Thanks, anon, the textbook says to compare RIN to R2, wasn't aware the relation holds for RE to R2, but certainly makes sense. But then theoretically, I'd end up with an undefined BDC, since IC/IB would be IC/0.

>>11545989
Well, he asked us to recalculate beta. I guess I can just assume it is 110 and then plug the currents back in to just confirm it? If there's no way to solve it without beta, I'm comfortable just providing the relationship like that. But it seemed like he wanted us to find a new beta value, which didn't make sense to me since we never calculated beta in the first place.

>>11546009
Yeah, I guess I misunderstood his question and thought there must be some way to solve for Beta or Rin without using that value he already gave us. But that wouldn't make sense fundamentally as the beta is determined by the transistor, and without him giving us some other value to work with, there would be no way to calculate it?

>>11543423
>>11543438
Sorry the late, lad. I was dealing with a lot of things today and buying groceries, and I just finished my CV. I found the company's page, but I didn't saw any job openings over there so I couldn't apply just yet.

And hey, I could probably learn a thing or two from you as well, so is a win-win scenario. Also, I thought about making a study guide for EE students to tackle power systems, mostly based on my experiences and the knowledge from my uni. It might not be useful for most people but it is a start.

>>11540674
For circuits I enjoyed Nilsson/Riedel Electric Circuits.

My professor cancelled all of our exams/projects for the rest of semester in Signals and Systems and is making us do matlab assignments insteadf. I'm worried for the fall because I'm enrolling in grad level DSP.

>>11546336
Try to work around the exams by studying on your own and doing some old exams. If ever get yourself stuck ask your professor. Obviously, don't ignore the MATLAB assignments. That's the only way I see to help you out with that. You could also try to build some stuff on your own with previous approval of your professor, given that you can get the components. Also, experiment with other possible things to do, a while ago I saw someone building a LED-iluminated d20, that should be a fun project to do.

>>11542390
I think you are wasting oxygen by breathing and should definitely go outside to take some sweet corona vibe. But on topic, you are lying, there is a strong distinction between functions and numbers. f(t) standardly represents the value of f evaluated at a t in its domain. There is a reason why we write f : t -> f(t). If you ever met a single math phd (which I highly doubt) who wrote this, they were probably in an informal context or studying more algebraic matters. It is acceptable to confuse f(t) with f, but that does not make it rigourously correct. Also, you are using an authority argument to make your point, wich makes you laughable on top on being retarded. I literally read dozens of books on functional analysis and advanced operator algebra where the distinction between what belongs to the field of scalar and what is a function is made on each fucking single page. These book were written by authorities too, but at least the reasoning behind would make sense and I would not use the fame of the authors as a proof that I am correct, you absolute mongoloid. In the case of polynomial rings, it is more acceptable to describe a polynomial by f(X) because the function behind the polynomial is not the same thing as the polynomial itself. But probably your two unconnected engineer neurons would fry trying to understand the difference, moron. You are the illustration why engineers are laughed at on a daily basis in academia.

>>11542385
> It's probably correct to distinguish between the value of the function and the function itself.
It is acceptable to abuse notation and confuse both, but it is very weird in a harmonic analysis context where the Fourier transform is seen as an operator.

>>11545728
>>11546009
Think I figured it out, or at least I'm a lot closer. Thanks Anons.

>>11540674

LOOOL there is no way any electrical engineer knows any of these math books

this is hilarious

>>11546605
I do, you massive fag. I studied for my math exams using Apostol and dipping into Stewart and Leithold when I was stuck. For complex variable I used Conway books; for linear algebra I used Grossman's book and Lang's; Differential equations Zill + Numerical Mehtods by Chapra. Probability was me just using the Wackerly's book.

Anything else?

>>11546627

no you don't. i guarantee you don't understand ANY of these books. i could test you RIGHT now and you would fail

>11546629
Go on, fag. I don't care.

>>11546636

assuming [math] e:= \sum _{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{k!} [/math] it follows that [math] \lim _{n\rightarrow \infty} (1+\frac{1}{n})^{n} = e[/math]

and then show the reverse direction as well (assume the latter as a definition and prove the former)

you'll not find a SINGLE electrical engineer that can do this basic proof without looking it up in the internet or a book

but keep deluding yourself because you cleared what is essentially a watered down monkey see monkey do exam

I've read that a JFETs near their cutoff points are "square law devices". Does this literally mean I can use their amplification to solve the equation output=input^2 in analog? I'm asking because I've looked at how analog computers square numbers and its always sequence of op-amp logarithmic and antilogarithmic amplifiers. Why would people do that if they can get the same behavior from just a JFET and resistor?

>>11546654
Are you being serious right now?
This is some basic shit from rudin chapter 3.
Please fuck off with your completely missplaced superiority complex, a lot of EEs delve seriosly into pure math topics, for example myself, im a math/ee double major.

>>11546654
we do this proof in first year...

>>11533683
>>11540280
>>11536368
Thanks I feel less bad about failing Signals Processing 2 times and passing it the third time around

>>11546955
You majored in retardness, anon, sorry.

>>11533683
Turning 26 and finishing up my second year. I don't mind. I think being a tad older is an advantage.

>>11530391
Germanium has been added concentrations of donor and acceptor
>Nd=1.55*10^16 cm^-3
>Na=1.5*10^16 cm^-3
Determine the concentrations of cavities and electrons at a temperature of
>67C -> 340.15K
where the forbidden belt width of Germanium is
>Eg=0.64eV
the semiconductor constant is
>C=1.61*10^15 K ^3/2 cm^ -3

now.... I know that formula Et or energy temperature equivalent goes like this
>Et=T/11600 eV
= 340.15/11600 =0.02932327586eV

now for intrinsic concentration
>ni=C*T^[3/2]*e^[-Eg/2Et]
and I get
ni=1.61*10^15K^[-3/2]cm^(-3)*340.15^[3/2]*e^(-10.91405)
now I am not sure what I need to get there as the correct result
I know that the semiconductor is type N since there is more donors than acceptors

electron concentration
non=[ (Nd-Na) + sqrt[(Nd-Na)^2+4ni^2] ] / 2
cavities
pop=[ (Na-Nd) + sqrt[(Na-Nd)^2+4ni^2] ] / 2

how much is ni?

Bros, I need a topic for my bachelor thesis.
I was thinking of doing it on Control Theory but my prof won't respond to my emails...

What do you suggest?

>>11546654
Literally everyone does this in calc 2 lmao. I find it funny you're pretending to be a math fag and can't even come up with a good question

>>11546748
There's other nonlinearities and non-idealities. Also biasing would likely become an issue depending on the range of input voltage.

>>11546748
Yes anon, in AM we usually use a circuit called Gilbert cell, composed of transistors, that gives an output of the form [math]v_o(x(t).y(t))[/math]. However, if x = y for all of your needs, then it's easier to use a FET, a MOSFET for example, because of that squared behaviour. But when you're dealing with op-amps you're simplifying a lot of stuff with respect to output/input impedances and currents, which are crucial for some circuits, specially in instrumentation and precision electronics.

>>11530454
they couldn't even get the convention right to make FT a unitary operator

back to /mg/ for me thanks for the laughs engikeks

>>11547871
Every single EE ITT agrees with notation used in op.
Its literally a single mouthbreathing mathfag that disagres

>>11547849
>>11547811
I've built a test circuit and confirmed the output is the square of the input.

Now my question is why? If it were something y=x^e or y=x^pi I wouldn't question it. It's suspiciously weird to see something as simple and straightforward as y=x^2.

alright I've got a bit of a dumbass question:
I need to make a circuit that will only send one pulse per push of a momentary switch to an edge-triggered counter and my stupid social sciences oriented brain can't figure it out.

>>11550186
It's called an edge detector. Simplest version is just a capacitor and resistor acting as a high pass filter between your switch and digital input.

>>11550173
it's a more complicated version of a long-tailed pair, so if you want to understand this you ought to understand how that works first

Just to get insight from experience, I'm wondering how into EE someone has to be to succeed. I'm pursuing it as a vague goal, but I'm not really into it. I suppose I think I can get the knowledge and start a business but so far, I find all this stuff boring desu.

Since this is the Fourier Edition.

I'm in physics 3 and chose Fourier Transform as my honors project after the school went into lockdown and I could no longer continue my previous project.

I just started doing research into it about a week ago, any tips on how to approach learning about it would be appreciated.

>>11550362
https://see.stanford.edu/materials/lsoftaee261/book-fall-07.pdf

>>11547597
Develop some meme control algoritum on anything

>>11547113
>>11546955
>>11547811

yes, you do it IN class, you don't do it by yourself
that's the difference between a mathfag and you

like holy shit. if you act as if your curriculum isn't just 90% calculating fourier transforms by hand then idk why you would LARP so fucking hard

also gz on not being able to understand my question in the first place

>>11550206
Is there a way to do it with a purely digital circuit or am I stuck incorporating analog parts into it?

>>11550547
There are versions like this one, but even though it's all digital parts what it's relying on is the underlying analog nature of the signals causing a delay. This circuit won't work in simulations that treat the digital input and output as instantaneous.

>>11550535
ah so you derived every ounce of your own knowledge by yourself?
Fuck off out of an engineering thread if you don't like engineering

other engineering fields should get threads like this too. Its not fair that this board consist mostly of seething math teachers derailing entire discusions .they will always have their /mg/ everyday but not us

>>11550827
I think he hates engineers more than he hates engineering. Just like some engineers hate mathematicians, not maths.

>>11550860
I agree. Mathfags are always like this. Honestly, I don't put them down, so I'm not sure why they have that superiority complex.

>>11535115
Patterson and Hennesy is crap. I've always recommended Digital Design and Computer Architecture by Harris and Harris (there's a normal mips edition and an arm edition, just like p&h).
The first question someone may ask is "can a book that also crams in a course on digital electronics really cover the same amount of material on computer architecture as an entire textbook on the subject?" The answer is yes, when the latter is the longwinded snorefest that is p&h.

>>11540675
oh I'm (>>11550963) and I forgot to link your post as well

>>11534164
Semiconductor devices, pretty much solid state physics at its core. Lots of nice mathematics here.

>>11547326
Damn bro, you are a brainlet or you have a bad teacher. ni^2=n*p in equilibrium. Assume complete ionization of donors and acceptors and that will give you your hole and electron concentration (n & p).

>>11550173
Look up the derivation for the MOSFET IV characteristics from the physical model. I think that will give you the explanation you're looking for. A good explanation is given in 5.1 of sedra and smith microelectronics.

>>11550306
What have you done so far and what don't you like about it? EE is so broad that if you enjoy math, science, or computers you should be able to find something in it you enjoy.

>>11550362
In what context? Obviously the Fourier transform and Fourier series has a lot of applications in signal processing and circuit analysis, but in general it can be used to solve differential equations. I just uploaded this to libgen which is pretty mathematical in the beginning but also gives a lot of applications of the Fourier transform https://libgen.lc/search.php?req=978-0486685229&lg_topic=libgen&open=0&view=simple&res=25&phrase=1&column=def

>>11550963
I skimmed through that book. Looks pretty good considering how much it covers, even has brief coverage of a few things I don't remember P&H covering. Definitely lacks some of the depth of Patterson and Hennesy in a few sections imo, though I agree that P&H can be pretty verbose. The graduate book by P&H (Computer Architecture) covers a lot more advanced topics though if that's what you're interested in.

>>11551287
Wondering about my field of study guy here.
I've not done any actual courses for it yet but I've been reading Teach Yourself Electricity and Electronics to get an overview. All the theory doesn't interest me , it's all really technical talking about admittance, impedance, transformers, RF. Pretty much all the AC stuff.
I kind of like math and I think I can do the hard stuff which is one of the reasons I'm doing EE I guess. Coding is OK, I've been doing it for a couple years and I liked making code interact with circuits.

>>11551448
Don't let the fundamentals determine your perception of the subject. It sounds like you're mostly talking about analog circuits, but I would hold off any judgement until you at least learn about op-amps, transistors, power electronics, oscillators, frequency response, stability, etc (not necessarily in their full depth, that would take a while, but at least learn what they are and what you can build with them). Personally, I'm not very interested in those topics either, but I still took the related classes and tried to learn them because I felt they could at least be useful in the future, even if I don't end up working in a field specifically related to those topics. Look into digital electronics and embedded systems if you have experience programming. They might interest you more since you have some experience.

>>11551448
>I liked making code interact with circuits
Have you considered going into computer engineering? I did and have a career doing that all day (microcontroller firmware development). I've worked with a lot of EEs and they never get into programming the chips.

Does anyone remember that /diy/ke who was making video synthesizers and had those webm demos of the weird video effects they made? I wonder what happened to him. I liked those demos. iirc he was doing it mostly via analog means which made it a lot cooler.

>>11552229
lol whoops I meant to post that to /ohm/. Fucking threads look too similar at a glance.

>>11552229
>>11552233
Yeah I know what you're talking about. The guy with the CRTs and the trippy looking distortions. Pretty interesting.

>>11552229
>>11552237
That's me. I made these posts about using a JFET to compute squares because I realized it could greatly simplify my circle generator circuit. (>>11546748 >>11550173). It worked. I got circles.

took me a few hours bros but i finished the nand2tetris pc... is this wat autism looks like?

>>11552389

>>11552404
now its assembly time

>>11552438
I would recommend draw.io for creating datapath diagrams in the future, here's a MIPS processor datapath I made. Need to add pipelining and a multicycle controller next.

>>11552666
thank you, will download, and that looks sweet. after nand2tetris im going through http://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse378/09wi/lectures/
which uses MIPS

bump

this is now a CIA nigger free thread

>>11552370
That's pretty based, not gonna lie.
I knew you were probably still around here somewhere.

I'm 30 and have a masters in education but I'm sick of teaching/ working with kids. I've started to learn math, I know python and C and I like circuits and like soldering things and working with embedded systems in my free time. I can program 16 hours a day sometimes. Should I go back to school for electrical engineering?

>>11530478
Z-transforms.
FUCK I HATED DIFF-EQ

>>11554634
No. If you truly want the challenge, go for machine learning and non-linear simulations

>>11554677
Okay, is there a flow chart for this track? Where do I start?

>>11554733
Well today the application is in CS
The science/physics behind it is in Math
The "next" field is AI psychiatrists and social workers (i.e. teaching them not to kill).
It really comes down to how much you want to do with your hands vs. just finding new ways to doom humanity

>>11554733
Don't listen to that retard, just do what you're interested in or you'll end up in the same place you are now. If you want to go back for EE then do it, but keep in mind if you want to be an engineer then you are going to need an accredited degree. If you're fine with programming then take an MIT OCW course and download the book off of libgen and follow along. You can finish a 1-2 semester long course in like a month.

>>11554759
Hey I'm at least a 100 IQ. Good advice on getting the info tho.
>Also
(((MIT)))

>>11554737
wtf are you on about

>>11536459
I’ve always liked the CompSci side of EE like micro architecture, and the circuits side with transistors.

I’m a Junior in EE taking Analog and Digital circuits, but I’ve never even seen or used anything other than a NMOS or PMOS. Am I going to be fucked later if I have zero experience with BJTs or any other type of transistors?

>>11554828
your mom, pajeet

>>11554763
>(((MIT)))
They may be glow in the dark monkey niggers but Terry Davis still used MIT appeals to authority on certain topics

IEEE: a meme or worth the money?

>>11554993
spend em if you got em son. worst case id get it just for one of their more specific submemberships to pad a cv if i had nothing else

Nearly did EE but got talked out of it by a mate who said it was hard as fuck and not worth it.

Doing CS instead

>>11555065
So, you're a pussy?

>>11554976
Probably not, all IC design is FETs. The principles and circuits are nearly identical anyway. Just slightly different small signal models and large signal equations.

>>11555206
Thanks. Where do those other transistors really come into play though? We were supposed to have a two week unit on until the bat hit the pan.

>>11555224
>bat hit the pan
kek
Mostly discrete designs (which are uncommon nowadays) afaik, we haven't spent a ton of time on them either

>>11554634
If you just want to do programming, you can teach yourself that and work on your own projects and eventually get hired.

>>11555283
By whom? Doing what? I don't want to do webdev and anything else requires a degree. In fact, I can't really think of anything else other than data science and embedded and I guess networking/ security

>>11542989
Since all the reply’s were shit, I’ll give you a simpler answer. Are you aware what the transfer function of an op amp looks like? An op amp has a certain bandwidth defined by the location of the poles and zeroes of the op amp transfer function. If you have a signal that contains multiple frequency components, the op amp could gain up different frequencies by a different amount if it is not fast enough (not high enough bandwidth). This is called distortion (non linearity) as you are amplifying different frequency components by different amounts.

>>11554987
Ok so you invoked the name of the Prophet, good job. Let me guess, you're also an athiest?

What are capacitors actually used for, outside of things like wave rectification? Batteries store and disperse charge too

>>11555611
of course not, athiests aren't brave enough to say his name out loud

>>11555650
Oh you got me. Good job

>>11555616
Block dc voltage
Bypass ac voltage
Supply charge when source spikes happen
Displace circuit poles, solving oscillation problems, for example

Trust me, they are used for thousands of reasons.

>>11555616
Imagine something like a disposable camera flash where you want a sudden burst of electricity. That was how they were introduced to me.

>>11554976
BJTs are used all over the place and are a fundamental building block you should understand. Moreso than FETs I'd argue as you don't need to know the inner works of a FET in an IC in order to use an IC. In a product my company makes we use an op-amp+transistor VCCS which uses a BJT as the element which linearly controls a the 4-20mA current output. There are also BJTs in our linear 10-32V to 5V homespun linear regulator circuits. You will run into them and will use them in your designs. You should know how they work.

>>11555616
Static/dynamic harmonics control, voltage compensation on power systems, reactive power flow control. They have a ton of uses, lad.

>>11555694
So you think a 10pF ceramic capacitor would be suitable for a sudden burst of electricity when you really need it or do you think that gets used for something different?

>>11555616
AC coupling, bypassing, filters, oscillators, there's a shit ton of uses. This is kind of like asking what a resistor is used for, or a switch.

>>11533306
I’m having difficulty following some of the proofs in the introduction of Apostol. Should I just give up?

For example, in pic related I don’t understand why we have |b - c|. Didn’t we just define y = c - b? So why is it that when we plug those values in for x and y in the triangle inequality, it becomes |b - c|? Or am I being a brainlet? I guess since we take the absolute value it doesn’t matter? Since |b - c| always equal to |c - b|?

>>11556172
its a typo

>>11556172
you can learn all of your math from basic arithmetic through multivariable calculus from Morris Kline and you'll be way better off. his "intuitive approach" is way better than anything else imo

>>11556298
Interesting. I have that pdf saved but I never worked through it. Any particular reason you recommend it over Apostol? I notice it is a lot longer...

>>11556332
personally i cant understand something unless i know what someone was thinking when they developed it. he takes a historical approach to the topics which i appreciate. if all you want is SPEED then just learn the math as you go

I'm a graduating senior, I got suckered in the engineering technology meme and i wasn't able to get any internships. How fucked am i in terms of having an engineering career? Can i go to grad school for an engineering degree?

>>11554976
BJT's are simple as well, just current controlled instead of voltage controlled

>>11555224
We use multiple types of transistors in high frequency amplifier design. BJTs tend to operate better at higher frequencies as the switch speed is faster but I'm a passive network guy, not an active device designer

>>11554634
Hi, I hope you get to read this.
If you want an interesting approach to learning cs please check:
https://functionalcs.github.io/curriculum/

Regarding EE, I don't really have anything to recommend, but if someone knows something similar I'd love to read about it.

I commend your drive.

>>11556514
i think so. masters degrees arent usually accredited but once you have one many employers no longer give a shit about ABET

>>11558363
What about sitting for the fe exam? will a grad degree allow me to be eligible for that?

>>11530391
What is more suitable latent launch time, or being composed of noise? On music it turned out that thick stripes on FT are just sounds that have some shape of wave therefore are composed of multiple waves.

Isn't a offset that can be marked as arrow to a ...

Whatever, just that offset generates clear data not noisy one.

Guys...I'm becoming less and less interested in ee and more interested in cs. I'm a first year, should I switch majors?

>>11559787
First year is basically the only chance you get to switch without having to take another year, so if you’re considering it, pull the trigger.

I would take a look at the required classes for both majors and see which one has more classes you’re interested in.

>>11559787
What do you still like about EE and what are liking from CS?

>>11542897
Look up CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) logic. You dont need to know the physics. NMOS conduct with "high" input and PMOS conduct with "low" input.

Ignore the BJT replier. CMOS has no static current consumption (ignoring leakage) which allows chips with millions of logic gates to operate without overheating.

Essentially all modern digital are built using CMOS.

>>11560039
Another thing, building off this, is to look into the Pull Up Network and Pull Down Network. Since each transistor is only a switch, to avoid an ambiguous state you need to have the logic connected to the high and the opposite connected to the low.

>>11559803
Sometimes the ee math is fun and interesting, most othertimes daunting and suicide inducing.

Only part of cs i’ve taken interest to so far is programming and data structures

>>11542263
Hey where can I find more lecture notes? They are amazing

My EE internship has set up a Facebook group to discuss “housing options and other networking opportunities”. I don’t need to worry about housing, but I haven’t heard anything from them since. I really don’t want to create a Facebook account (I’ve made it this long without one) but I’m afraid of missing out on something important. Any advice?

>>11560039
>>11560074
>ignore the bjt replier
brainlet the point is to get a intuition for an implementation of basic nand logic. once you understand how that works then it literally doesn't matter what implementation you have; mechanical, hydraulic, photonic, etc. PNP is the simplest way to understand a transistor, and BJT makes for an extremely simple NAND gate

>>11530507
That is not how you make a variable voltage battery.

>>11560860
all your best lecture notes will come from similar things like MIT OCW or other stanford classes on topics you like

>>11560855
Do whatever you enjoy more but there’s a lot of programming done in ee

>>11560855
Well, that happens. Just follow >>11561046 advice and do whatever you enjoy, but to add to it, check out the higher courses and see if anything catch your interest in EE and CS. If either one gets you hooked, go for it. Mind you, either one is hard as balls for different reasons, so keep that in mind.

>>11561082
What do you think of people who say you should study EE even if you want to go into CS and work in software because EE is harder so it makes you more competitive? Its gotten regurgitated on /g/ and even on this board sometimes too (or they say major in math minor CS).

>>11562074
the only advice you should follow is
>do what makes you happy
and
>dont half-ass anything
beyond that you're talking to a retard

>>11562074
Do what makes you happy, something you are interested into, and you are good at it. It totally depends on you, lad. And most importantly, don't half-ass anything and your best and some more on everything. /g/ is weird most of the time. They do have nice threads but the hatred for CS is palpable. I have some friends that graduated from EE and now they are working on CS stuff, but some of them are unhappy with that. So find what makes you happy and whatever you are good at.

>>11562074
CompSci is just a meme on 4Chan. This is where I would post the gif of the guy crossing out the word Science on the blackboard when he’s talking about CS neither being science, nor computing.

>>11562074
Do whatever you want. People with CS degrees make six figs right out of college. It doesn’t matter what degree you get but how you apply yourself

EE fags makes tons of money
they just need this equation to fuck others
to not entering their realm
fucking asshole OP-amp Cmos circuit analysis shitty assholes
I just want a job assholes

>24
>Finish EE masters middle next year.

started in mech, didn't like it, had a couple of years off and thought about Data Science.
>no regrets

>>11563350
Nice job, anon. I had a rough start due to health problems but here I am. If it wasn't for the lockdown I would be on the middle of my masters now.

>>11562074
What do you mean by "working on software"? do you wanna do websites? you don't need a degree to do that. Wanna do embedded systems? EE/CpE is way better than CS.

widepeepoHappy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbfFt2uNEyQ

bump

>>11564472
I don’t know enough to understand most of this, by it does seem to have incredible potential.

>>11564472
>widepeepoHappy
Zoom on outta here.

Is optics/photonics a good field? Who the hell hires them anyway?

hey guys, I'm looking for books that focus on synchronous generators, the excitation system, and its controller. Any tips?

>>11566933
Try with the "Synchronous Machines: Theory and Performance" by C. Concordia. Other than that, an book about Electrical Drives or Electrical Machinery should be good enough to delve into the excitation system and its controller. Check out older posts from this thread, I posted some books about electrical machinery and control.

>>11566947
cheers

>>11536368
ME here....
Sorry EE fags

But I just wanted to say, the EE dept at my uni is full of tenured prof. who just fail the shit out of every class so it comes as no suprise that it would take >4 years to get a 4 year degree.

I actually don't know any EE who have not had a w on their transcript because they flatout failed a class.

Meanwhile, ME dept turns a blind eye to 90% of the cheating that goes on. It's no wonder ME kids get laughed at, and ones who graduate with high 3's still don't know what the fuck they are doing.

Goodluck, I know your shit isn't easy.


If anyone reads this, can I get some advice on pursuing a graduate degree? Like how should I choose my school/pathway. What benefits does it have aside from "make money". I want to work in research and development. Maybe I should work on perfecting my maths?

>>11568121
That depends on what you want to focus on. Most people will tell you to do a MBA to polish yourself for management positions, but that depends on you. Try to net a Masters degree and go from there if you want to focus on R&D.
Also, yes EE professors can be a cunt. One of my professors just outright failed the 40% of his class jus because.