/lit/ - Literature

[Anonymous No.14666355]

Where to start with Shankara and why is his system better than Theravada?

[Anonymous No.14666374]

>>14666355
Stop listening to those acid heads

[Anonymous No.14666393]

>>14666355

The Vivekachudamani then with his commentaries on:
The Upanishads, Brahma Sutras and Bhagavad Gita

[Anonymous No.14666395]

You shouldn't start with Shankara, you should start by learning the history of the Vedas and Upanishdas from unbiased sources. Shankara's Advaita Vedanta is the Mormonism of India, it's a small outlier sect.

Most Hindus dislike Advaita and consider it cryptobuddhism, because Shankara simply took up the philosophical and monastic frameworks of Mahayana Buddhism and added "Atman" at the end. This is the opinion of almost all scholars of Indian philosophy, including many prominent Advaitins.

If you still want to learn about Shankara's cryptobuddhism, you should, but be aware of what you're getting into. You might want to read about the Mahayana Buddhism that Shankara was copying from first, so you can go chronologically. If you are looking for the real teachings of the Vedas, definitely do not read Shankara. You will be getting Buddhism, not Vedanta.

[Anonymous No.14666407]

>>14666355
Atma bodha

[Anonymous No.14666853]

>>14666395

>most Hindus dislike Shankara

You're retarded

[Anonymous No.14666924]

>>14666853
He isn't. Shankara occupies a weird space in India where he is considered a national hero who saved the vedas and their tradition from being lost to time, and for that he is to be respected and honoured. But most modern Hindus practice some form of bhakti and it is not uncommon for them to subordinate brahman to their respective deity and to hold some form of dualism to be true. Because of this many don't really like Shankara beyond the respect he is due and find his advaita position uncomfortable or even offensive.

[Anonymous No.14666942]

>>14666355
I'd strongly recommend Man and His Becoming According to the Vedanta by His Gracious The Honorable Sheikh Yahya Al-Wahid (PBUH). I promise his greatness will impress you, for he has been chosen by Allah-Brahman (SWT) to expound clearly and fruitfully to the uninitiated the metaphysical Truth that Sheikh Adi Shankara Al-Hind (PBUH) possesses with his Holy Vedanta. Once you have absorbed this Holy Truth and broke the evil duality that is Maya, you may begin to read the rest of His Gracious The Honorable Sheikh Yahya Al-Wahid (PBUH)'s works along with Sheikh Adi Shankara Al-Hind (PBUH)'s magnificent Holy Bhasya of the Venerable Upanishads (PBUT) before finishing off with Sheikh Adi Shankara Al-Hind (PBUH)'s Holy magnum opus: The Vivekanandacharyasoleimanichudamani (PBUI).

As to why it is better than the (May Allah-Braman [SWT] forgive me for uttering this word) Theravada school of Buddhism *spit*, it simply is because Sheikh Adi Shankara Al-Hind (PBUH) said so and He is never wrong.

Hope that answers your delightful questions my dear anon.

OM-een

[Anonymous No.14666951]

>>14666395
>You might want to read about the Mahayana Buddhism that Shankara was copying from first
Not too bad of a suggestion. Advaita is basically Bhaviveka's form of Madhyamika, which allows for positive positions to be taken.

So it would be a good idea to start with Nagarjuna, Bhaviveka and then read Shankara.

[Anonymous No.14666953]

>>14666942
Thank you for your amazing reply brother, I have become mighty intrigued after reading what you have written and Yes it would seem as though Adi Shankara (pbuh) has BTFO The Fuck Out of the scummy Therevada which I have now despised with much anger. If I may humbly ask where can I find such texts so that I can join in discussion?

[cunt No.14666981]

>>14666355
>Shankara posting
Bodhidharma is better desu

[Anonymous No.14666995]

>>14666924
Simple people will always prefer bakhti, because it's easier for them, and does't require actual work, unlike karma. But the spirituals will always incorporate jnana into their lives, and as far as i know, a majority of them tend towards Advaita.

[Anonymous No.14666998]

>>14666953
>where can I find such texts so that I can join in discussion?
You may read through some of Sri Shankaracharya's (pbuh) sublime exegesis on the Upanishads here brother, studying these illuminating works wil right away shatter the bonds of ignorance and set you on the right path. I recommend washing your hands and meditating for a half hour first in preparation before allowing yourself to read them.

https://estudantedavedanta.net/Eight-Upanisads-Vol-1.pdf
https://estudantedavedanta.net/Eight-Upanisads-vol2.pdf

[Anonymous No.14667014]

>>14666951
this

Bhaviveka is basically a syllogistic Madhyamaka (ie babby's first foray into Indian logic). Not too mention Bhaviveka was an inclusivist who had no problem overlapping the buddha dharma with advaita, unlike Shankara who disparages buddhism after he plagiarizes their framework.

[Anonymous No.14667018]

>>14667014
>Not too mention Bhaviveka was an inclusivist who had no problem overlapping the buddha dharma with advaita
is this actually true?

[Anonymous No.14667026]

>>14666942
>>14666953
>>14666998
>i was only pretending to be retarded

still retarded.

[Anonymous No.14667027]

>>14667018
Yep

>Bhāviveka’s portrayal of Vedānta is particularly intriguing, if somewhat difficult to pin down....In the Madhyamakahrdayakārikā, Bhāviveka redefines Vedāntic concepts in order to show how they might fit into the conceptual universe of Madhyamaka Buddhism. In chapter 4, a Hīnayāna interlocutor accuses the Mahāyāna Buddhist of being a crypto-Vedāntin, paralleling later Vedāntins who accuse the Advaita Vedānta of crypto-Buddhism. This may be the earliest acknowledgment in a Sanskrit text of the similarity between the two schools. According to the Hīnayāna opponent, “the Mahāyāna is not doxography because it is not included in the Sūtrāntas, etc., or because it is a teaching of another path [than the Buddha’s], similar to the Vedānta system.” Bhāviveka responds to this opponent by conceding the similarity, but then he traces this similarity to the Buddha’s influence: “Everything that has been well said in the Vedānta was spoken by the Buddha.” Again, at the end of his rather scathing critique of the Vedānta doctrine in chapter 8 of the Madhyamakahrdayakārikā, Bhāviveka remarks: “Accepting that this splendid teaching of the Buddha is free from fault, the Vedāntins, full of desire, have claimed it as their own.” But what in the pre–Śankara Vedānta of the sixth century does Bhāviveka see as overlapping with Madhyamaka Buddhism? In spite of their many differences, he observes that they appear to share the doctrine of non-origination (ajātivāda), which states that nothing really ever comes into or passes out of existence. Nāgārjuna attempts to prove in his Mūlamadhyamakakārikā that causality is only a conventional truth and cannot be part of the ultimate nature of things. Something similar appears in the Māndūkyakārikā of Gaudapāda (6th century CE). For Gaudapāda, non- origination means that all that is originated must be ultimately unreal (mithyā), since real things do not change. As a proto-Advaitin, Gaudapāda concludes that the only reality is the absolute and beginningless self (ātman) described in the Upanisads. This is certainly too much for Bhāviveka to concede. Instead of re-reading Mādhyamika denials of causation in terms of an Upanisadic ultimate self, as Gaudapāda does, Bhāviveka turns the tables in rereading the self not as an absolute entity but as the abstract concept of non- origination:
Non-origination is the nature (svabhāva) of beings. Because it is not produced and does not perish, it is also called the “self” (ātman). . . . If it is just this sort of self that you [the Vedāntin] mean, then that [concept of self] is proper and without error, because of the many common properties it shares, such as its name. (Nicholson, 2010)

[Anonymous No.14667035]

>>14667027
Why are Buddhists more open and inclusive to other Dharmas that may align with them? Hindus seem like arrogant dogmatists in comparison.

[Anonymous No.14667047]

There's only one God.

[Anonymous No.14667055]

>>14666395
Based and Dhammapilled

[Anonymous No.14667056]

Where is one to start with mahayana buddhism? It seems so clusterfucked with all its different spinoff philosophies.

[Anonymous No.14667063]

>>14667056

[Anonymous No.14667085]

>>14667035
Hindus descend from a long line of Vedic nationalists who championed Brahmin rule. Buddhism on the other hand was more auspicious and philosophically engaging. The Buddhists really did a number on Vedic Brahmanism when it stole the spotlight during the Mauryan dynasty and Hindus have had a chip on their shoulder ever since.

[Anonymous No.14667103]

>>14667026
the first 2 was me actually (if you couldn't tell from the exaggerated response), the third is guenonfag which I baited him into replying. It's a running joke since he'd frequently be caught samefagging his own threads and talking to himself as if a real conversation was happening.

[Anonymous No.14667108]

>>14667035
Brahmins are a priesthood with a self-serving monopoly to defend, and the caste system is interwoven with this, creating sub-brahmin self-serving groups that don't want to repudiate their own caste because they can still shit on the castes beneath them.

It creates stability but also stagnation. Every moment of actual progress in Indian history has come from breaking away from it. Sramanas, Buddhism, invaders, colonization. When Indians finally shed the caste system and learn to treat eachother humanely, they may actually become superpower 2020.

[Anonymous No.14667110]

>>14667103
pic for reference

[Anonymous No.14667131]

>>14667103
>>14667110
I literally can’t tell the difference at this point since this person already over exaggerates like that. Whoever this poster is that keeps spamming poo/Islamic philosophers, has validated Poe’s law in this board. Truly a bizarre phenomenon.

[Anonymous No.14667134]

>>14667103
jesus i can't even tell the ironic ones from the real ones anymore then

>>14667131
yeah this. he always doubles down on anything he gets criticized for.

i don't even hate advaita or indian philosophy, i just want to talk about it with someone who isn't a weird bully and samefagging asshole.

[Anonymous No.14667168]

>>14667063
do i really have to read all of that?

[Anonymous No.14667193]

>>14667168

[Anonymous No.14667239]

>>14667193
>>14667134
>>14667110
>>14667108
>>14667085
>>14667027
>>14667014
>>14666981
>>14666951
>>14666395
>Buddhism
OH NO NO NO NO NO NO

How do you guys cope with the fact that Theravada, Yogachara and Madhyamaka have all been retroactively refuted and debunked? It seems like no matter how hard people try they were unable to come up with a school of Buddhism whose ideas withstand critical scrutiny. The absolute state of Buddhafags

[Anonymous No.14667248]

>>14667134
>i don't even hate advaita or indian philosophy, i just want to talk about it with someone who isn't a weird bully and samefagging asshole.

Then this is the wrong website. I don't know what Guenon fag is trying to achieve, maybe it is just his autism, maybe he just wants to get the name out and have people read Guenon, maybe it is a very niche brand of irony that amuses him, but one effect of these postings is that the topic is nearly impossible to discuss because of him.

[Anonymous No.14667252]

>>14667239
Punished Guenonfag timeline:

2018
>Buddhism has not really degenerated. There are some east Asian schools that have become too 'religious' and some Theravada schools may have become a little too westernized in thought but there are still tens of millions of practicing Traditional Buddhists.

2019
>It's been 24 hours and none of you ming-mongs have replied to this. All the more embarrassing considering YoU CaN't HaVe Up WiThOuT dOwN mY dUdEz loooooollzzlz lmafaooo :DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD!1!111! was intended to be the epic GOTCHA retort. Writhing animals.

2020
>LOL U MAD??? BASED EPIC. seethe CRINGE le epic guenon (pbuh) XDDDd
>(replying to above) Based... Thank you so much for this post my good friend... I will begin reading guenon immediately...
>>Buddhism
>OH NO NO NO NO NO NO

[Anonymous No.14667338]

>>14667239
>Buddhism retroactively refuted
Based

[Anonymous No.14667415]

>>14667168
Read at least the first one

[Anonymous No.14667593]

>>14667168
Read a part of the first book at least to get the feel for the Buddha's teaching style. I started with Bodhi's book too but I got sick of it pretty quickly and if you do not finish it you can still go look up individual suttas online at places like https://www.dhammatalks.org/suttas/index.html
You can get another anthology by Thanissaro Bhikkhu instead of Bodhi's too, whom I think is a better teacher/translator. You can get all his books for free at
>https://www.dhammatalks.org/ebook_index.html
I'd recommend Wings to Awakening which you can find under the "treatises" subsection.

[Anonymous No.14667673]

alternatively, you can say 'Namo Amituofo', reach the Pureland, and get instruction from an actual Buddha in the next life.

A practitioner at my temple predicted their time and date of death correctly as a testament to the veracity of this method and the truth of Amitabha Buddha.

Namo Amituofo_/|\_

[Anonymous No.14667731]

>Guenonians, Advaitins have been BTFO in their own thread so hard that they stopped replying, abandoned ship and quietly started a new one
>>14653259

[Anonymous No.14667734]

>>14667239
Have any Buddhist thinkers ever written any detailed responses to those refutations of Buddhist doctrines?

[Anonymous No.14667738]

>>14667731
Noooo Buddhist CHADS, Whiteheadian LORDS, please let me have this thread, don't chase me away from this thread also!

[Anonymous No.14667754]

>>14667239
CRYPTO-MATERIALIST HYLICS EXPOSED AND HUMILIATED

[Anonymous No.14667805]

>>14667239
wtf I love Hinduism now

[Anonymous No.14667812]

>>14666995
>bhakti doesnt require work
>bhakti is not spiritual
No religion should be pursued for pride, it's a road to destruction.
No-one is too good for bhakti.

[Anonymous No.14667927]

>>14667734
not that I'm aware of

[Anonymous No.14668112]

>>14667734

Too busy not caring, i think

[Anonymous No.14668126]

>>14667063
Shouldn't the Dhammapada be the first suggestion and then In The Buddha's Words? Considering the Dhammapada is -- well, reportedly, anyway -- the Buddha's actual words.

[Anonymous No.14668214]

>>14668112
Why then did so many Mahayana thinkers write extensive criticisms of the ideas of Theravada, Samhkya, Nyaya etc if they didn't care? It was mighty convenient of them to care before but then stop caring after they got BTFO

[Anonymous No.14668231]

>>14668214
From an outside perspective, based on what I've read, Mahayana literature is just sophistry
>x is neither a and b, a and not-b, not-a and b and not-a and not-b
Wow! So profound!

[Anonymous No.14668278]

Reading an Advaita text someone recommended me TRIPURA RAHASYA, they really do plagiarize Buddhism.
The text says
>you need to let go of: I, Me and Mine.
But that is a CLASSIC Buddhist phrase, found all over the Pali Canon.
It's funny how "sages" would shamelessly plagiarize before the age of the internet when nobody could call them out.

[Anonymous No.14669178]

>>14667239
based

[Anonymous No.14669568]

>>14667239
>Theravada, Yogachara and Madhyamaka have all been retroactively refuted and debunked
Based...

[Anonymous No.14669582]

>>14667731
>>14667738
getting tired of teaching those who dont wish to be taught isnt called retreat it's called saving your energy

[Anonymous No.14669644]

Why is Buddhism largely considered a false doctrine? Is there an image macro explaining its differences to Advaita-Vedanta in 4channel lingo?

[Anonymous No.14669692]

>>14669644
You dont need an image. Advaita is just Buddhism + Self/Absolute. Both are false anyway since there is no god but God and Muhammad (SAW) was his last messenger.

[Anonymous No.14669714]

>>14669644
>Why is Buddhism largely considered a false doctrine?
Because only a false doctrine would be as susceptible to being so badly destroyed and logically refuted as Buddhism is in this picture >>14667239

[Anonymous No.14669753]

>>14669692
>there is no god but God and Muhammad (SAW) was his last messenger
OK even if I accept this how does that contradict the luminous truth of Advaita-Vedanta?
>>14669714
I see, brother. I will stay on guard against refuted doctrine and not let it infect my thinking.

[Anonymous No.14670221]

>>14668214

I think that this journal or whatever is largely unknown to them

[Anonymous No.14670314]

>>14666395
Thoughts on Ramajuna?

>>14666853
Let me guess, you think most Muslims like Ibn Arabi too?

[Anonymous No.14670317]

>>14669714
Reminder that Ananda Coomaraswamy and Marco Pallis convinced Guenon that he was wrong about Buddhism.

[Anonymous No.14670319]

>>14670317
Probably by letting him know that Vedanta = Mahayana Buddhism + Atman

Ooooh noooo!

[Anonymous No.14670324]

>>14670319
I don't know the details, but basically Guenon begrudgingly conceded.

[Anonymous No.14670438]

>>14669644
>>14669714
>>14669753

I feel like these are all samefag, how tf is Buddhism 'largely considered a false doctrine' its definitely not. if anything, its influencing quite a bit of people in the scientific field and they're finding empirical evidence of the benefits of meditation and the like.

[Anonymous No.14670451]

>>14670438
>scientific field
>empirical
>its definitely not
OH NO NO NO

[Anonymous No.14670466]

>>14670438
>empirical evidence

[Anonymous No.14670475]

>>14670451
>>14670451

Can you post something with some substance rather than memes and a retarded wojack? I'm definitely not a smart person but what you posted isnt much of anything

[Anonymous No.14671479]

>>14666355
based

[Anonymous No.14671859]

>>14670475
that's guenonfag, he's never made a single helpful or friendly post in 3 years unless he was replying to himself, which he does often

[Anonymous No.14671944]

>>14670451
>>14670466
I'm not going to retype it here but look in the archive for the Lama's words on science and the smallest atoms being made of pure "nothingness."

[Anonymous No.14671952]

>>14667047
There is one God- the Maitreya.

[Anonymous No.14671997]

>>14669753
>OK even if I accept this how does that contradict the luminous truth of Advaita-Vedanta?
if you accept that then Hinduism is Haraam you stupid Kaffir, may Allah (SWT) punish you for worshipping false monkey idols.

[Anonymous No.14672039]

>>14671997
But Advaita-Vedanta does not teach to worship false idols? I do not worship anyone other than God nor do I divide him I to parts or associate partners to him? How does the above contradict whatever Muhammad talked about?

Veneration on the other hand... That is permissible and it is fine to respect the monkey and kiss it if he does not believe the monkey created him, i.e. venerating it as an aspect of God is permissible if not taken too far.

[Anonymous No.14672041]

>>14672039
Muslims would behead you for suggesting your theosophy orientaboo shit is Islam

[Anonymous No.14672044]

>>14671997
https://youtu.be/6ZQSf3xGJ0I
Didn't know Guenon was such a hero in India. Truly a wise nation...

[Anonymous No.14672054]

I'm going study Vaishnavism instead. Just try and stop me.

[Anonymous No.14672056]

>>14671997
>>14672044
>>14672039

Fucking disgusting, pardon my French.
This is repulsive to even watch. Literally why pray to a monkey if it is powerless before the One who holds true power?
Why are Indians so stupid? Is idol worship connected to pooing in streets?

I even bought one of their scriptures by Shankara to read and now I'll probably throw it away or burn the retarded thing if I discocer that he too was an idol worshipper who literally prayed to a monkey.

[Anonymous No.14672057]

>>14672039
Shankara (may Allah [SWT] forgive me uttering this Hindu Kaffir's name) literally advocated worship of Monkey and Elephant gods (along with 4 other abominable gods), he is a dirty idol worshiper guilty of Shirk to the highest degree, you should be ashamed to even discuss this Shaytan.

[Anonymous No.14672070]

>>14672056
>if I discover that he too was an idol worshipper who literally prayed to a monkey.
Adi Shankara composed a number of hymns and songs on various deities including a verse on Hanuman (monkey god). Please look at Sri Hanumath Pancharatnam.

>O Hanuman (monkey god), whose face is like the lotus, red like the rising sun, the corners of whose eyes are full of the feeling of mercy, who is life-giving, whose greatness has the quality of beauty, who personifies Anjana's good fortune. OM

[Anonymous No.14672076]

>>14672056
>Why are Indians so stupid?
This >>14672057.
I've been in India a couple of times and video related is how I see the average Indian. Incredibly stupid and almost robot-like in some ways. Idol worship does incredible damage to their brain.
https://youtu.be/SL2aEGUun3U

[Anonymous No.14672082]

>>14671997
>man worshipping Guenon.jpg

[Anonymous No.14672120]

>>14672076
Because there are no idolators in the west. Only India

[Anonymous No.14672135]

>>14672120
At least the idolators in the West have enough sense to be crypto-polytheists and not full blown monkey-worshippers.

[Anonymous No.14672146]

All being is divine. Worshipping animal gods brings humility and cultivates a greater affinity with the divine within you.

[Anonymous No.14672162]

>>14672146
>All being is divine. Worshipping animal gods brings humility and cultivates a greater affinity with the divine within you.

[Anonymous No.14672168]

>>14668126
The suttas of the pali canon too are considered buddha's words (buddhavacana)

[Anonymous No.14672180]

>>14672146
>gods
There is only One though.

[Anonymous No.14672185]

>>14672180

Yeah, the one that resides in every being.

[Anonymous No.14672186]

>>14672180
The one is many.

[Anonymous No.14672197]

>>14672057
Oh no Hindu larper meet Muslim larper
Shit just got real

[Anonymous No.14672200]

>>14672185
>resides in
Excuse me?
>>14672186
Cringe. The One is One and merely appears as many.

[Anonymous No.14672210]

Reminder that all 4chan religions are flavor-of-the-month buffet religions

[Anonymous No.14672232]

>>14672210
>4chan religions
Like what? Dubs/trips adoration cults?

[Anonymous No.14672235]

>>14672200
>Cringe. The One is One and merely appears as many

This is true. But also the Many is Many and merely appears as one. You don't get non-dualism until you realise that there is no contradiction between both statements.

[Anonymous No.14672243]

>>14672235
>appears as one
only the one appears as itself. that's literally one of it's unique properties.

[Anonymous No.14672247]

>>14672243
Exactly what I said!

[Anonymous No.14672248]

1. I only worship the Void and nothing else.
2. I despise idols and think they should be punished and tortured.
3. Pray to the Void and you shall attain Liberation.

[Anonymous No.14672278]

>>14672180
Correct. The Blessed One

[Anonymous No.14672306]

Since many people here are interested in obscure religion, I'll ask this here instead of making a new thread.

I am creating my own Orthodox religion right now.
I am doing this because I am dissatisfied with every other traditional option right now for various reasons I will not go into.
It will be a blend of both Buddhism and Judaism.
I already have three people to practice it with me.

From Buddhism I shall take: non-dualism/Advaita, void, asceticism, moksha, enligthenment.
From Judaism I shall take: prophets, angels, strict ban on sodomy, kabbalah, the four-letter special name of G-d as our main item of worship, eternal covenant with the Judeao-Buddhists, strict ban on breaking the Sabbath, circumcision, animal sacrifice, a lot of their commandments and then some additional revealed ones specific to our religion.

The canonical texts shall be taken in entirety from both traditions, but major parts contradicting each other shall be reinterpreted accordingly and a new condensed scripture shall be written in the future.

I have some questions:
How do I confer onto this religion a true Orthodox status?
How do I save my religion from degeneracy?

[Anonymous No.14672318]

>>14666355
where did they poo? in that house or were there designated streets even back then when Shankara lived?

[Anonymous No.14672326]

Ok. I have some money I can use to fuck off to the East and become a monk. Redpill me on the most non-dual branch of Buddhism and why it is better than its poo counterpart?

[Anonymous No.14672329]

>>14672306
You're pretty late to the religion thing unless you want to do a weird cargo cult thing.

[Anonymous No.14672391]

>>14672306
cringe
>>14672326
Mahayana are probably the most non-dualist but you usually need to know chinese/japanese to enter those monasteries.

My advice is to get a firm basis at home by studying Madhyamika first and then just go join a Theravada monastery/hermitage for the asceticism/meditation part. Buddhists have never cared if there are Mahayanist at a Theravada monastery or vice versa. Sectarian splits do not happen over metaphysics but rather over the sangha rules, once the monks can not perform ritual and abide by the same vinaya rules together anymore that is when the split happens.

[Anonymous No.14672405]

>>14672306
orthodox religion is founded by god or his ordained intermediary not cafeteria syncretism.

[Anonymous No.14672406]

>it’s another ‘guenonfag gets btfo’ episode
Based, keep bumping this thread bros let others witness him being absolutely humiliated for the 108th time

[Anonymous No.14672413]

>>14672210
>>14672232
Esoteric Kekism

[Anonymous No.14672419]

>>14672391
>need to know chinese/japanese
Not him, but huge weeb here who learned Japanese. Are there still traditional monasteries in Japan which accept Westerners?

[Anonymous No.14672443]

Thoughts on Ramajuna?

[Anonymous No.14672478]

>>14672419
If you're allowed to stay in Japan for a longer time then i'm sure most of them do. At least the non-elite ones, there are a top-tier monasteries where they only really accept fellow monks so you have to have been a monk somewhere else before you can go there and get further training.

Not sure how willing Japan is to give out long term visas to foreigners wanting to live as monks though.

[Anonymous No.14672626]

>>14672413
This was actually a decent meme before it was stolen by Reddit.