/lit/ - Literature

>>13672005
>they’re the fathers of modern banking
Actually, you're thinking of Italians now

>>11674543
Forms of commercial trade has probably existed for like 10,000 years. Forms of "exchange" even exist in animals. Such a vague term doesn't exactly get to the novelty of what's been going on for the past couple hundred years.

If you study "commercial" "enterprises" in antiquity (the grand majority of which would have been state run) you may learn they didn't exactly operate just like modern firms in a market place. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_mode_of_production

The term "capitalism" (which Marx didn't seem to use much, Proudhon I think invented the term) if anything simply means rule by capital. The thing is what is "capital"? No scholar, despite what investopedia may tell you, can even give a straight forward answer to that question. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_capital_controversy

Publicly traded corporations weren't always the prime owners of land, tools, etc and that becomes obvious if you actually study history. Populations weren't even totally dependent upon access to markets to just make a living. And you better believe the entire notion of something as brilliant as say monetizing claims on potential future profits and trading that wasn't always going on. All this emerged historically.

Modern nation states (which came into existence first with the rise of the bourgeoisie) and their symbiotic relations with international banking institutions very much is characteristic of the rule by capital.